John emphasizes the reasons why Jesus deserves to be served. His purpose is to create a sharp contrast, where Jesus humbly serves those who were supposed to serve him. This reversal of roles is intended to astound readers, as the exalted one becomes the lowest. John has previously mentioned Jesus' divine origins and ultimate destination, and this is reiterated in 13:1 when he notes that Jesus will soon depart from the world and return to the Father. John also emphasizes that Jesus has shown love to his followers throughout his time on earth and will continue to do so.

Jesus demonstrates a summary of his life by humbly washing the feet of his followers. This act reflects how he gave up his glory to become a humble servant and obey God even unto death (as mentioned in Philippians 2:5-11). He girded himself with a towel and used a washbasin to do this task. While the other disciples don't question this action, Peter asks how Jesus could do it (v.6). Jesus implies that there is a deeper meaning, saying that Peter will understand later even though he does not now (v.7). This foot-washing is similar to other things the disciples would only comprehend after Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. Jesus tells Peter that if he refuses the foot-washing, he cannot be a part of him. This indicates that foot-washing is just a representation, while the actual purification will occur through Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. Peter suddenly insists that he wants Jesus to wash his entire body, not just his feet (13:9). Jesus responds that it is unnecessary because the disciples, except for one, are already clean (v.10).

The message is straightforward: If Jesus is willing to serve them, they should be willing to serve each other. Jesus expects his disciples to follow his example, as he clearly states that his behavior sets a precedent for them (v. 15). This passage emphasizes that no servant, messenger, or disciple is above their master or teacher. Those who follow and practice Jesus' teachings will receive blessings.

Jesus mentions Psalm 41:9 to connect it to the larger context of the psalm, reflecting a recurring theme throughout the Book of Psalms and the entire Old Testament. This theme is centered around the idea of the righteous suffering at the hands of the wicked, despite their good deeds, until God ultimately vindicates them.

After talking about the looming treachery, "Jesus was troubled in his spirit" (13:21). Jesus is fully involved in what is happening and is not trying to distance himself from the concerns of people. Although Jesus knows that Judas will act treacherously, he still loves him. The fact that Judas, whom Jesus has spent a lot of time with, has chosen to betray him is a source of evil and trouble for Jesus. The disciples are understandably shocked and devastated by the betrayal of someone they regarded as a loyal and faithful friend. In their eyes, the betrayal is not just a personal one but a betrayal of their nation, faith, king, and God.

After Jesus revealed that one of his disciples would betray him, Peter gestured toward the beloved disciple, who asked Jesus about the betrayer's identity. While it was a bold question that sought inside information, it highlighted Peter and the beloved disciple's close relationship with Jesus. Jesus' willingness to answer the question demonstrated his openness to share private information with them. Jesus gives Judas a morsel and tells him to do what he needs to do quickly. The disciples then speculate about what tasks Jesus may have sent Judas to do, related to Passover traditions, such as feasting or giving to the poor. Satan entered Judas after he took the morsel. This is why Jesus says in John 14:30 that "the ruler of this world is coming" as Judas approached.

After Judas left to betray Jesus, John stated, "It was night," indicating the end of the day and Jesus's public ministry. The plot now moves towards the cross. Jesus showed his love for his disciples by washing their feet and remaining committed to the path leading to his crucifixion. He even loved Judas despite Judas's betrayal and attempt to profit at Jesus's expense.